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Influence of Religion on the Family Background
Dvořáková, Ivana ; Krahulcová, Beáta (advisor) ; Cimrmannová, Tereza (referee)
The thesis Influence of religion on the family background primarily with the practical implications of three basic beliefs of world religions - Jewish, Christian and Muslim - to a normal family life. Studying the various traditions and customs, practicing belief in everyday life and influence of a particular religion for the whole family. The theoretical part is focused on the requirements of that particular religion has on believers. The practical part describes the general way of life of Jews, Christians and Muslims, describes the specific application of faith in daily life. The research part of the thesis evaluates the questionnaires focused on the differences of attitudes, values and family life of Jews, Christians, Muslims and people with no religion.
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Belief in Capital
Sirotek, Jan ; Hogenová, Anna (advisor) ; Blažková, Miloslava (referee)
The work describes phenomenons and thoughts which led and oftentimes still lead to a birth, a forming and a stabilization of market capitalism as a main philosophy of present world in the course of history as well as nowadays. The Analysis focuses on phenomenons of both material and spiritual characters. It exposes a spirit which accompanies man from everlasting. Through guise of God, man, the rabble, a state, a nation and a work is it being transformated into capital as self purpose. The science and its methodology caused this certainty seeking turnabout from transcendent thoughts to rational classification of matter. Due to its own discovery that matter is only a kind of energy confesses the science to its religious substance. A pursuit of profit resulting as well in life in affluence becomes then the main point of entire efforts of saturation.
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Language and Institiution
Kučerová, Barbora ; Pokorný, Martin (advisor) ; Švec, Ondřej (referee)
(in English): The aim of this thesis is to clarify the normative character of language, that is, how we are bound by a certain set of rules in every speech. We will look into this normative character of language by articulating two essential questions: in what is this normativity grounded and which aspects constitute language as an institution. In the first part of the paper we interpret the work of three authors, Ferdinand de Saussure, Charles S. Peirce and Pierre Bourdieu, in order to answer the question on what the normative character of language is founded. In this part we mainly look into the relationship between language and social consensus, habit/acting and institutions. In the second part of the paper we give a definition of language institution which is inspired by the work of Peirce and Bourdieu. Further on we clarify in systematic way those aspects of language which can be considered as normative. Firstly, we point out those which are clearly part of language, such as lexicon, pronunciation and intonation, official language and institution symbolized by language. The last aspects that we will analyse are speech genres, belief, habit/acting and power.
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The concept of evil in Plato's dialogues Protagoras and Gorgias
Kotoč, Branislav ; Jirsa, Jakub (advisor) ; Jinek, Jakub (referee)
The goal of this paper is to show what is the nature of ethically wrong action considering two of Plato's dialogues - Protagoras and Gorgias. By examining the possibility of different sorts of motivational forces, we will show that Socrates was well aware of the relevance of emotions and desires in the process of decision making. Still, he maintains the idea of reason and knowledge as the superior motivational force. We will argue that the reason why people make wrong decisions is that they do not have true knowledge of the good, moreover, they are ruled by the power of desires. We will also focus on the detrimental effect on human's soul if he follows the path of wrongdoing. Finally, we will show that Socrates offers a solution to those with miserable souls - dialogue and punishment.
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Radical interpretation, truth, objectivity
Vašíček, Jan ; Koťátko, Petr (advisor) ; Marvan, Tomáš (referee)
Nobody can be wrong in majority of his beliefs about the world. What reasons has Donald Davidson for this claim? This paper is concerned with the connection between three important topics in Davidson's thought - radical interpretation, truth and objectivity. The experiment of radical interpretation is supposed to show the basic conditions of communication. On the basis thus provided, it will be possible to show, after a short summary of flaws in other theories, why we can talk about objective and non-epistemic truth. The relation between truth and knowledge can be specified by the same token. By means of inquiring into the way of how contents of our beliefs emerge, thoughts about the objective world will be shown to fundamentally depend on the social basis of intercommunicating people. This will also contain Davidson's argument against global scepticism. Using firstly the not entirely satisfying "omniscient interpreter" example and then the concept of triangulation, it will be specified what sense has objectivity for Davidson and to which extent is it justified to label him as realist.
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Belief in Free Will and College Students
Noskovič, Marek ; Kučera, Miloš (advisor) ; Klusák, Miroslav (referee)
Is free will simply an illusion? Or is it justifiable that we have built on free will our whole human society, including the legal system? For several centuries, there has been a debate in philosophical and theological circles about whether there is a free will or, on the contrary, our life is determined from the very beginning. I would like to contribute to better understanding of free will through my Bachelor Thesis, especially from the point of view of the latest knowledge in psychology. Including history, various philosophical and theological conceptions of this phenomenon, I will deal with an influence of faith in free will on our psyche and happiness in life. With a questionnaire of Free Will and eterminism (FAD Plus), I will examine how faith in free will or determinism affects school success of college students. Keywords Free will, determinism, fatalism, unpredictibility, psychology, college students, belief, grades
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Problems of teaching Catholic religion in the 1950s, taking into account the situation in eastern Bohemia
WEISBAUER, Jan
This diploma thesis deals with the struggle of communism against the spread of Catholic faith and the persecution of teachers, the teaching of religion and priests. The first part of the diploma thesis is the clarification of the status of the Catholic Church in the state and why the Church has been persecuted. The second part describes the dispute over the introduction of a unified school and the reform of the school system. The third part of the work offers evidence of the persecution of the Church and of disabling the teaching of religion according to the records of the Communist Party.
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The Influence of the Religious Faith to the Opinions of the Origin and the Development of living systems
Korda, Petr ; Dvořáková, Radka (advisor) ; Schierová, Zuzana (referee)
In this thesis I dealt with on the relationship between religious belief and acceptance or rejection the theories about origin of life and evolution-it means evolution by natural selection and theories such as creationism and Intelligent design. Respondents of the survey were students of universities and high-schools focused on natural sciences. The review of literature consists of chapters dedicated to evolution, creationism, Intelligent design, religion and surveys on this topic. In the research part of the thesis there is own analysis on the sample of students. The research was realized in the form of survey on students of universities, mostly and the Faculty of Science of Charles University and on the high schools, which are the teaching schools of this faculty. The benefit of this thesis is finding the relationship between their religious belief and their opinion about theories origin of life, evolution by natural selection, creationism and Intelligent design. Keywords: Evolution by natural selection, Intelligent design, Creationism, Religion, Belief
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